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Many people, when they buy a computer for the first time, assume that with proper care, it’ll last practically forever. If they are careful on the internet or use a reputable virus protection software, they think, they’ll never have to worry about a computer virus. While it may be possible to avoid a computer virus, if they’re careful about email attachments, run a good protection program, and otherwise use good safe computing practices, it is not possible for the vast majority of computer users to prevent their computer’s hard drive from eventual failure.

Hard drive manufacturers even print a specification of the devices expected lifespan right on the hard drive. It’s called the mean time between failures and the amount of time shown represent the midway point for all hard drives of that type. In other words, half of all the hard drives of that model number will fail earlier than the time given, and half will last longer than the time given. There’s no way to tell which side of the mean your hard drive will be on.

Other things can cause hard drives to fail early. A jolt or sharp impact can cause the reading head to strike the hard drives storage disk. If this happens, then the disk will be damaged and further damage may occur if the drive is spun up after such an incident. Some laptops have special sensors inside to detect acceleration if the laptop is drop. These laptops will immediately pull the hard drive’s reading head away from the disk surface in an attempt to prevent it from impacting the disk when it hits the ground, but not all laptops have this safety mechanism and it won’t prevent damage from every drop.

Water, dust, and even smoke inside the hard drive can also cause damage and hard drive failure. The clearance between the hard drive disk surface and the reader head is so small that even tiny particles can cause scratches. Eventually, even with the best of care, hard drives just wear out.

Because of the virtual certainty of hard drive failures, it is important for computer users to make backup copies of all the data stored on the hard drive. Backup copies are simply duplicate copies of all the important files which are then stored somewhere other than the hard drive such as on a CD-ROM or a DVD-r, for example.

If the hard drive does fail without backup copies available, then the owner may have no choice but to seek out a company offering data recovery services. Data recovery is the process of extracting the data from the disk of the failed or damaged hard drive. If the damage was caused by particles getting into the drive or a head crash, then the drive can be further damaged (and more data lost forever) if data recovery is attempted by a company that isn’t equipped to dismantle the hard drive is a protected clean room to extract the data.